Assessment of Strategies and Technologies for Improving Highway-Rail Grade Crossings Safety

Abstract: In Florida, the 4,500 at-grade highway-rail grade crossings (HRGCs) pose significant safety and operational challenges, with over 350 crashes reported annually, including fatal incidents. A critical analysis of data reveals that 47% of train-vehicle crashes occur when vehicles are stopped in Rail Dynamic Envelope (RDE) zones. This situation not only endangers lives but also disrupts traffic flow, leading to delays, queue spillbacks, and negative environmental impacts. Responding to these issues, the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) initiated the Florida Operation STRIDE (Statewide Traffic and Railroad Initiative using Dynamic Envelopes) in 2019, aiming to enhance safety and mobility at HRGCs through various strategies, including signage, pavement markings, and advanced traffic management technologies.

This research project assesses STRIDE’s implementation outcomes, identifying challenges, success stories, best practices, and lessons learned to inform future enhancements. The objectives include understanding contributing factors to crashes, evaluating RDE pavement marking effectiveness, and exploring effective Transportation Systems Management and Operations (TSM&O) strategies, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) technologies, and traditional countermeasures.

The methodology encompassed a literature review, crash analysis, interviews, and field visits. Key findings highlight that HRGC crashes arise from human, infrastructural, and operational factors. Effective traditional treatments, such as geometry modifications, signage, and flashing lights, vary in applicability based on specific crossing scenarios. The study also identifies several innovative ITS and TSM&O technologies, including advanced signal strategies, sensors, and AI-driven detection systems, that can enhance safety and mobility.

Best practices derived from state action plans emphasize identifying high-risk situations, promoting grade crossing closures, and leveraging tools like the Railroad-Highway Crossing Inventory (RHCI) for safety analyses. Recommendations based on the findings address critical challenges such as vehicles stopping on tracks, improper turning behaviors, and pedestrian trespassing. Suggested actions include conducting long-term studies on RDE markings, deploying four-quadrant gates in strategic locations, and enhancing visibility through better signage and lighting.

Emerging technologies, such as automated violation warning systems and video surveillance, are recommended to support proactive safety measures. Additionally, FDOT is encouraged to lead pilot tests for novel technologies in collaboration with railroad companies, enhancing the effectiveness of HRGC safety measures.

Overall, the research underscores the importance of a multifaceted approach, integrating traditional methods with advanced technologies to improve safety and mobility at Florida's highway-rail crossings, ultimately aiming to reduce crash incidences and enhance user experience. These findings can serve as a valuable framework for other states and regions across the nation facing similar challenges at highway-rail crossings.