Exploring U.S. Infrastructure Funding Challenges and Strategies for Sustainable Roadway Maintenance

Abstract: The most recent infrastructure report card from the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) highlights a significant concern: U.S. roads are "frequently underfunded" and have been assigned a troubling grade of "D." This study delves into the complexities of infrastructure funding in the United States while considering critical future factors such as the rise of electric vehicles, economic variables, evolving transportation habits, and the role of the trucking industry. The research reveals that increasing electric vehicle sales can provide a sustainable revenue stream for infrastructure maintenance if appropriate fees, such as registration and usage charges, are implemented. These fees can help offset the decline in traditional fuel tax revenues as more drivers switch to electric vehicles. Findings indicate that government spending on transportation infrastructure remains largely insulated from fluctuations in construction costs and broader economic conditions, which often affect other sectors. This resilience allows for continued investment in essential infrastructure, although it does not necessarily translate to improvements in roadway quality. Furthermore, while public transit and hybrid/electric vehicles contribute to changing travel patterns, their overall impact on aggregate transportation habits is minimal. The data suggests that heavy trucks are primarily responsible for a significant portion of roadway damage, yet their tax contributions do not adequately cover the maintenance costs associated with this wear and tear. This paper ultimately recommends the implementation of registration and user fees for electric vehicles, instituting a mileage tax specifically for the trucking industry, and developing best practices for efficiently allocating limited infrastructure funds. These measures are crucial to ensure long-term sustainability and to improve roadway conditions across the nation, enabling better support for growing populations and changing transportation needs. By addressing these funding challenges proactively, policymakers can enhance the resilience and safety of U.S. infrastructure for future generations.