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ICTD 2025

Mobility on Demand and as a Service (MODaaS)

Emerging On-Demand Transit (ODT) Strategies and Technologies

Where are all the Electric Vans? Electrification Considerations for On-Demand Transit

Wednesday, June 11, 2025
8:45 AM – 9:00 AM MT
Abstract: As on-demand transit (ODT) deployments increase, interest in the electrification of these high-mileage fleet systems has also increased. Electrifying on-demand transit includes careful consideration of electric vehicle (EV) options, charging infrastructure, performance in relevant environmental conditions, and costs. Through recent ODT case studies, NREL has identified EV model offerings as a limitation to transit agencies interested in electrifying their fleet of ODT vehicles. These vehicles are typically mid-size, ranging from minivans to ADA compliant vans to minibuses. Current model offerings for this need are limited in the U.S., including just one plug-in hybrid electric minivan on the market and no fully electric minivans. Recent announcements of the VW I.D. Buzz and Mercedes-Benz eSprinter Cargo Van demonstrate potential for increased options, however, challenges remain. This study outlines the EV model options for ODT in the U.S. and contrasts it with the options internationally, particularly in Europe, where more options are available. Battery electric, plug-in hybrid, and traditional hybrid vehicles are included in this analysis. Furthermore, a simple analysis of the ownership costs (capital, maintenance, and operation) of different types of vehicles is provided for sample on-demand transit service fleets. Due to the high vehicle miles traveled, payback time for EVs can be lower for transit agencies than for individuals purchasing personal EVs. On-demand transit has resulted in improvements to equity (through expanded public transit service area coverage and improved service performance) and has the potential to complement and accelerate transit electrification. However, electric vehicles need to be available for purchase that meet the needs of transit agencies, communities, and riders.

Learning Objectives:

Attendees can expect to learn the following from this session:
  • Explain existing electric mid-sized vehicle offerings in the U.S. that are appropriate for on-demand transit needs.
  • Compare and contrast electric mid-sized vehicle offerings in the U.S. and abroad.
  • Explain cost of ownership trade-offs for battery electric, hybrid, and gasoline vehicle fleets for on-demand transit services.