The Influence of Autonomous Vehicle Processing Time on Safety

Abstract: The advent of autonomous vehicles (AVs) offers transformative advancements in the highway transportation field, but yet safety concerns remain a critical challenge. One key factor affecting AV safety is processing time, particularly during emergency braking scenarios where rapid decision-making is essential. This study examines the impact of processing latency on AV braking performance, focusing on how delays influence stopping sight distance and collision risk. Simulating three distinct processing times—1 second, 1 millisecond, and 1 microsecond—at speeds of 50 km/h and 100 km/h, we demonstrate that even minimal delays in processing can exponentially increase the likelihood of collisions. The results reveal a nonlinear relationship between processing time and stopping sight distance, with shorter processing times significantly reducing the risk of accidents. These findings underscore the necessity of near-instantaneous processing in AV systems, particularly in high-speed scenarios where reaction time is crucial for safety. Moreover, the study emphasizes the need for more stringent safety standards and the development of advanced AV technologies to enhance system performance under emergency conditions. The implications of this research are significant for AV manufacturers, regulators, and technology developers striving to improve safety protocols, system reliability, and the broader adoption of autonomous vehicles. This work provides important insights into enhancing AV safety in the evolving landscape of intelligent mobility.