A Review of U.S. State Legislation on CAV Testing and Operations: Challenges and Opportunities

Abstract: The rapid advancement of connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV) technology has the potential to revolutionize transportation systems. However, it also presents unique challenges, especially in rural and low-density regions like North Dakota. This study provides a detailed examination of the legislative, regulatory, and technical requirements needed to support the successful deployment of CAVs across the state's highway infrastructure. The study begins with an in-depth review of current state and federal regulations, policies, and safety standards, identifying key legal and regulatory gaps that need to be addressed. It then proposes specific legislative updates tailored to create a comprehensive and robust framework to facilitate CAV integration. The study includes a comparison of current laws related to connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) in different states and regions. This study aims to outline the challenges and opportunities of operating CAVs in North Dakota's rural environment. It highlights potential barriers such as legal inconsistencies and infrastructure limitations, while also identifying opportunities to enhance mobility, safety, and traffic flow. Furthermore, the research delves into necessary infrastructure upgrades, including changes to roadway design, improved traffic control devices, and the integration of advanced communication technologies required for autonomous vehicle operations. The findings aim to provide valuable guidance for policymakers and transportation planners, offering insights to ensure the safe, efficient, and sustainable deployment of CAV technology on North Dakota's highways.