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ICTD 2025

Active Transportation (Bike/Ped)

POSTER RECEPTION (View list of posters here)

Impact of Road Infrastructure and Traffic Scenarios on E-scooterists' Riding and Gaze Behavior

Tuesday, June 10, 2025

4:45 PM – 6:00 PM MT

Primary Author(s)

DC

Dong Chen, Ph.D.

Assistant Professor
Mississippi State University
Oktibbeha County, Mississippi, United States

Co-Author(s)

Arman Hosseini, M.Sc.

Ph.D. student
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, VA, United States

Presenter(s)

Arman Hosseini, M.Sc.

Ph.D. student
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, VA, United States

Co-Author(s)

AS

Arik Smith, M.Sc.

Master's Student
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
ZZ

Zeyang Zheng, BS

Graduated Master's Student
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
DX

David Xiang, BS

Undergraduate student
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
AH

Arsalan Heydarian, Ph.D.

Associate Professor
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
OS

Omidreza Shoghli, Ph.D.

Associate Professor
The University of North Carolina at Charlotte
Charlotte, North Carolina, United States
BC

Brad Campbell, Ph.D.

Associate Professor
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia, United States

Submitter(s)

Arman Hosseini, M.Sc.

Ph.D. student
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, VA, United States

Abstract: As micromobility devices, particularly e-scooters, gain global popularity, emergency departments around the world report a significant rise in related injuries. While current e-scooter safety research often depends on surveys, news articles, and vendor data, there is a notable lack of naturalistic studies that capture how riders’ behaviors and physiological responses vary across real-world conditions. This study fills that gap by examining e-scooterists’ riding and gaze behavior under diverse infrastructure types and traffic scenarios. Participants were equipped with eye-tracking smart glasses to analyze their gaze behavior in various road designs, including those with dedicated bike lanes and those without. We also examined the distribution of riders’ gaze across different traffic scenarios, such as high-traffic conditions and situations involving close proximity to cars, providing a detailed look at how visual attention shifts in response to environmental factors. Results show that speed profiles, infrastructural elements, and traffic scenarios all have a marked impact on riding dynamics and gaze patterns. In particular, riding on roads without bike lanes and in high-traffic areas posed significant safety challenges, as riders were forced to direct more visual attention toward surrounding vehicles. These findings emphasize the importance of well-designed infrastructure in promoting e-scooter safety, underscoring key considerations for urban planners and policymakers. This study’s insights can inform future urban planning initiatives to enhance safety for this rapidly growing mode of transport.

Learning Objectives:

Attendees can expect to learn the following from this session:

distinguish e-scooter rider behavior across road infrastructures, including sidewalks and bike lanes
Capture and analyze e-scooter riders' eye-tracking data across road scenarios to assess the visual attention distribution in various road scenarios, such as downhill rides and intersections.
Reveal insights into stationary gaze entropy and gaze transition entropy as measures of e-scooter riders' cognitive load.