Pedestrian Level of Service at Signalized Intersections under Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions

Abstract: Pedestrians level of service (PLOS) is an important measure of pedestrians’ behavior and walking conditions at signalized intersections. There are many studies that have been done on Vehicle level of service at intersections with heterogeneous traffic conditions but for pedestrians’ level of service studies are limited. Motivated by this gap, this study aimed to develop a PLOS model for signalized intersection crosswalks operating under heterogeneous traffic conditions. This study collected data through field observations using video graphic surveys and perception-based questionnaires at three major intersections in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Data collection took place on two weekday morning peak hours and evening peak hours in July 2023, with cameras positioned to capture clear views of the intersection and invigilators on-site to distribute questionnaires to pedestrians. A PLOS model was developed using field observations and validated by using perception-based surveys. The significant variable for determining the PLOS is vehicular volume (vehicles/cycle/pedestrian), pedestrians delay (estimated using Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) method (s), and pedestrians crossing speed (m/s). Deviations of the developed model with other standard models such as HCM PLOS method were studied. Finally, the model was validated by using questionnaire survey results. The selected cross-sections were graded by using a proposed Threshold values using k-means clustering technique. Also, a sensitivity analysis was done to identify the most influencing factor for PLOS in heterogeneous traffic conditions. Recommendations are added in the final stages for pedestrians as well as for transport infrastructure planners. These results would be used to suggest improvements to pedestrian facilities, including more accessible pedestrian crossings and longer crossing times. These findings would be valuable for policy makers and traffic engineers.